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Muong language
Muong (') is a group of dialects spoken by the Mường people of Vietnam. They are in the Austroasiatic languages family and closely related to Vietnamese. According to Phan (2012), the Mường dialects are not a single language, or even most closely related to each other, but rather are an ethnically defined and paraphyletic taxon.〔Phan, John D. 2012. "Mường is not a subgroup: Phonological evidence for a paraphyletic taxon in the Viet-Muong sub-family." ''Mon-Khmer Studies'' 40:1-18.〕
Mường dialects are primarily spoken in mountainous regions of the northern Vietnamese provinces of Hòa Bình, Thanh Hóa, Vĩnh Phúc, Yên Bái, Sơn La, and Ninh Bình.
Mường has all six tones of Vietnamese; however, the ''nặng'' (heavy) tone is only present in Phú Thọ and Thanh Hóa provinces, while in Hòa Bình Province it is merged with the ''sắc'' (sharp) tone.
Mường is written in a modified Vietnamese alphabet that includes additional consonants like ''w'' and allows different consonant pairs and final consonants than Vietnamese.
==Phonology==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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